Sto leggendo velocemente questa pagina: http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/europe2019s-mountains-rich-in-biodiversity (sito sempre molto interessante, iscrivetevi alla newsletter che vi aggiorna) e pare che i cambiamenti climatici stiano avendo un effetto positivo per la biodiversità ed uno negativo per la vulnerabilità:
Europe's mountains: rich in biodiversity but increasingly vulnerable
Mountain ecosystems cover 36 % of the continent (29 % of the European Union). Around 40 % of this area is forested. Compared with lowlands, the variation in altitudes, temperatures and precipitation have resulted in a richer variety of plant and animal species in mountains.
Climate change: average temperatures increased by approximately 2 degrees in the Alps between the late 19th century and early 21st centuries. This is twice the average rate in the Northern hemisphere and has caused a significant decrease in glacier volume. Higher temperatures also mean less snow and more rain in the winter, resulting in more runoff in winter and less in spring and summer. Where they are able to move uphill or northwards, flora and fauna can retain the bioclimatic conditions to which they are adapted. For mountain plant species, however, migration is obviously more difficult and more than half could face extinction by 2100.
Infrastructure development: construction of highways and motorways increases the fragmentation in mountain areas, isolating and limiting the movement of many species. In certain locations, the development of skiing infrastructure can make soil more vulnerable to water erosion.
Non sono del tutto convinto del punto in rosso. Forse in alcuni comprensori poi abbandonati ma se penso alla situazione Italia - Austria mi pare che dove ci sono impianti c'è una maggior attenzione alla manutenzione del suolo.
Tutto il resto qui: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/10-messages-for-2010-mountain-ecosystems/at_download/file
Europe's mountains: rich in biodiversity but increasingly vulnerable
Mountain ecosystems cover 36 % of the continent (29 % of the European Union). Around 40 % of this area is forested. Compared with lowlands, the variation in altitudes, temperatures and precipitation have resulted in a richer variety of plant and animal species in mountains.
Climate change: average temperatures increased by approximately 2 degrees in the Alps between the late 19th century and early 21st centuries. This is twice the average rate in the Northern hemisphere and has caused a significant decrease in glacier volume. Higher temperatures also mean less snow and more rain in the winter, resulting in more runoff in winter and less in spring and summer. Where they are able to move uphill or northwards, flora and fauna can retain the bioclimatic conditions to which they are adapted. For mountain plant species, however, migration is obviously more difficult and more than half could face extinction by 2100.
Infrastructure development: construction of highways and motorways increases the fragmentation in mountain areas, isolating and limiting the movement of many species. In certain locations, the development of skiing infrastructure can make soil more vulnerable to water erosion.
Non sono del tutto convinto del punto in rosso. Forse in alcuni comprensori poi abbandonati ma se penso alla situazione Italia - Austria mi pare che dove ci sono impianti c'è una maggior attenzione alla manutenzione del suolo.
Tutto il resto qui: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/10-messages-for-2010-mountain-ecosystems/at_download/file
dicono che il bosco in ultimi 50 anni è diventato molto piu spesso e compatto: abeti, larici, pini e in piu alto - pini mughi (fascia tra bosco e prateria alpina chiamata “zona degli arbusti nani o contorti”) costituiscono spesso formazioni quasi impenetrabili...